关于Linux下通过ping/mtr 长期监控网络输出日志报告的一些笔记

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关于 ping 和 mtr 的作用使用这里不多介绍，下面提供的实现方式前提是系统通过 Systemd 来引导进程。

### ping

对于 ping 来讲可以 通过 systemd-run 来生成临时 Service ，然后通过 journalctl 获取命令

┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$systemd-run --unit ping-print --slice ping  /usr/bin/ping  192.168.29.154  
    Running as unit ping-print.service.  
    ┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$systemctl is-active ping-print.service  
    active

直接查看 ping 日志

┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$journalctl -u ping-print | tail -n 5  
    12月 24 16:36:54 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=87 ttl=128 time=0.782 ms  
    12月 24 16:36:55 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=88 ttl=128 time=0.596 ms  
    12月 24 16:36:56 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=89 ttl=128 time=0.713 ms  
    12月 24 16:36:57 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=90 ttl=128 time=0.801 ms  
    12月 24 16:36:58 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=91 ttl=128 time=0.678 ms  
    ┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$date  
    2022年 12月 24日 星期六 16:37:11 CST  
    ┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$

导出 ping 日志

┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$journalctl -u ping-print.service  > ping.192.168.29.154.log  
    ┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$ls -hl ping.192.168.29.154.log;tail -n 3 ping.192.168.29.154.log  
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46K 12月 24 16:41 ping.192.168.29.154.log  
    12月 24 16:41:45 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=378 ttl=128 time=5.52 ms  
    12月 24 16:41:46 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=379 ttl=128 time=0.841 ms  
    12月 24 16:41:47 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=380 ttl=128 time=0.787 ms  
    ┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$

退出当前登录 bash，可以发现进程任然存在，不会随着bash进程消失而消失

┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$exit  
    登出  
    Connection to 192.168.26.82 closed.  
    PS C:\\Users\\山河已无恙> ssh root@192.168.26.82  
    root@192.168.26.82''s password:  
    Last login: Sat Dec 24 13:30:20 2022 from 192.168.26.1  
    ┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$systemctl is-active ping-print.service  
    active  
    ┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$journalctl -u ping-print | tail -n 1  
    12月 24 16:43:55 vms82.liruilongs.github.io ping[97218]: 64 bytes from 192.168.29.154: icmp_seq=507 ttl=128 time=0.633 ms  
    ┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$date  
    2022年 12月 24日 星期六 16:43:57 CST  
    ┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$

测试完成删除 ping 进程

┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$pgrep ping  
    97218  
    ┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$systemctl stop ping-print.service  
    ┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$pgrep ping  
    ┌──[root@vms82.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$

相比于下面的方式，上面的方式更加方便管理

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$nohup /usr/bin/ping  192.168.29.154 >> 192.168.29.154.log 2>&1  &  
    [2] 53139

### Mtr

对于 mtr 来讲，我们通过配置定时输出报告的方式，启动 临时 time 每分钟执行一次 mtr 命令输出一次报告，同样可以通过 journalctl 来管理应用。

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$systemd-run --on-calendar=*:*:00  --unit mtr-print-log --slice mtr /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b  192.168.29.154  
    Running timer as unit mtr-print-log.timer.  
    Will run service as unit mtr-print-log.service.

查看 time 状态

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$systemctl status mtr-print-log.service  
    ● mtr-print-log.service - /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154  
    Loaded: loaded (/run/systemd/system/mtr-print-log.service; static; vendor preset: disabled)  
    Drop-In: /run/systemd/system/mtr-print-log.service.d  
           └─50-Description.conf, 50-ExecStart.conf, 50-Slice.conf  
    Active: active (running) since 六 2022-12-24 22:07:00 CST; 6s ago  
    Main PID: 15427 (mtr)  
    CGroup: /mtr.slice/mtr-print-log.service  
           └─15427 /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154  
  
    12月 24 22:07:00 vms81.liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Started /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154.

以及下次执行时间

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$systemctl list-timers mtr-print-log.timer  
    NEXT                         LEFT     LAST                         PASSED  UNIT                ACTIVATES  
    六 2022-12-24 22:08:00 CST  23s left 六 2022-12-24 22:07:00 CST  36s ago mtr-print-log.timer mtr-print-log.service  
  
    1 timers listed.  
    Pass --all to see loaded but inactive timers, too.  
    ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$journalctl -u mtr-print-log.service

查看 mtr 的日志，你可以看到他的执行日志，输出的报告，同时你可以选择合适的方式导出

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$journalctl -u  mtr-print-log.service  | tail -n 10  
    12月 24 22:13:00 vms81.liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Started /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154.  
    12月 24 22:13:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[21252]: Start: Sat Dec 24 22:13:00 2022  
    12月 24 22:13:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[21252]: HOST: vms81.liruilongs.github.io  Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev  
    12月 24 22:13:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[21252]: 1.|-- gateway (192.168.26.2)     0.0%    10    0.2   0.3   0.2   0.5   0.0  
    12月 24 22:13:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[21252]: 2.|-- 192.168.29.154             0.0%    10    0.8   0.8   0.7   1.1   0.0  
    12月 24 22:14:00 vms81.liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Started /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154.  
    12月 24 22:14:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[22215]: Start: Sat Dec 24 22:14:00 2022  
    12月 24 22:14:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[22215]: HOST: vms81.liruilongs.github.io  Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev  
    12月 24 22:14:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[22215]: 1.|-- gateway (192.168.26.2)     0.0%    10    0.3   0.3   0.2   0.4   0.0  
    12月 24 22:14:14 vms81.liruilongs.github.io mtr[22215]: 2.|-- 192.168.29.154             0.0%    10    0.9   0.8   0.7   1.0   0.0  
    ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$

如果只希望看到输出和执行时间，那么可以这样。

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$journalctl -u  mtr-print-log.service -o cat | tail -n 10  
    Started /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154.  
    Start: Sat Dec 24 22:13:00 2022  
    HOST: vms81.liruilongs.github.io  Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev  
    1.|-- gateway (192.168.26.2)     0.0%    10    0.2   0.3   0.2   0.5   0.0  
    2.|-- 192.168.29.154             0.0%    10    0.8   0.8   0.7   1.1   0.0  
    Started /usr/sbin/mtr -r -b 192.168.29.154.  
    Start: Sat Dec 24 22:14:00 2022  
    HOST: vms81.liruilongs.github.io  Loss%   Snt   Last   Avg  Best  Wrst StDev  
    1.|-- gateway (192.168.26.2)     0.0%    10    0.3   0.3   0.2   0.4   0.0  
    2.|-- 192.168.29.154             0.0%    10    0.9   0.8   0.7   1.0   0.0

测试完成删除 mtr 进程

┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$systemctl stop mtr-print-log.timer  
    ┌──[root@vms81.liruilongs.github.io]-[~]  
    └─$systemctl is-active mtr-print-log.service  
    unknown

## 博文参考

https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/98706.html

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41741588/running-mtr-network-diagnostic-tool-in-the-background-like-nohup-processes

网络日志监控 Linux

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